Graphite heat exchangers are primarily composed of graphite material, which is a form of carbon. However, the specific composition and structure of graphite heat exchangers can vary depending on the design and application requirements. Here are the key components and variations commonly found in graphite heat exchangers:

Graphite Tubes: The primary component of graphite heat exchangers is the graphite tubes. These tubes are typically made from high-quality graphite material that exhibits excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. The tubes are designed to carry one of the fluid streams involved in the heat exchange process.

Graphite Sheets: Graphite sheets are used to support and seal the ends of the graphite tubes in a heat exchanger. They are typically made from the same graphite material as the tubes and are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the tube bundle. Tube sheets are often equipped with holes or bores to accommodate the graphite tubes.

Shell: The shell of a graphite heat exchanger is the outer housing that contains the primary fluid. It is usually made from a material that provides structural support and can withstand the operating conditions of the heat exchanger. Metals, such as stainless steel or carbon steel, are commonly used for the shell construction.

Gaskets and Sealing Materials: Graphite heat exchangers may require gaskets and sealing materials at various points to ensure proper sealing and prevent fluid leakage. Graphite-based gaskets or other compatible sealing materials are often used to maintain the integrity of the graphite heat exchanger.